Entrepreneurial Knowledge as a Catalyst for Overcoming Risk Aversion and Social Constraints: A Study of Quetta, Pakistan

Authors

  • Sadaf Amjad Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences image/svg+xml
  • Anjum Parvez Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University image/svg+xml

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51153/mf.v21.i1.723

Keywords:

Risk-averse attitude, entrepreneurial knowledge, social capital, and entrepreneurial growth, and the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Abstract

The study has developed a theoretical framework, which has  four hypotheses, two direct and two moderating. The study collected data using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire adapted from prior studies. The sample size for the study was 260, and we collected data physically and from Google Forms.  Before collecting the data, we followed all required ethical protocols.  Four articulated hypotheses were tested and accepted. Hypothesis 1: “Risk-averse attitudes negatively affect entrepreneurial growth” was accepted. We accepted Hypothesis 2: “Absence of social capital negatively affects entrepreneurial growth. We accepted Hypothesis 3, “Exposure to entrepreneurial knowledge mediates the association between risk-averse attitudes and entrepreneurial growth. We accepted Hypothesis 4: “Exposure to entrepreneurial knowledge mediates the association between absence of social capital and entrepreneurial growth. The study has empirically tested the variables drawn from the Theory of Planned Behavior. Hence, enhancing its generalizability, as the authors of the theory have themselves admitted that their theory may face issues if applied in other cultures.

Author Biographies

  • Sadaf Amjad, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences

    Department of Management Sciences

  • Anjum Parvez, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University

    Faculty of Management & Computer Sciences

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Published

2026-06-30