Effect of Green HRM Practices on Sustainable Performance: Mediating Role of GSCM Practices.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51153/mf.nyqbz.e06Keywords:
GHRM practices, IGSCM practices, EGSCM practices, Sustainable performanceAbstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of GHRM practices on long-term performance in the manufacturing sector of Gujranwala, Pakistan, with the mediating role of GSCM practices.
Design/methodology/approach: Four dimensions (i.e., Green hiring, Green training, Green performance management, and Green reward and compensation) were used to operationalize the Independent Variable Green HRM Practices. The mediating variable GSCM was further divided into Internal GSCM and External GSCM, whereas performance sustainability was measured through environmental, social, and economic performance. To procure the statistical outcomes, data was collected through a questionnaire (self-administered), CFAs, and SEM analysis were then carried out using SPSS and AMOS.
The study's results illustrated that Green HRM practices significantly influence organizations' performance. Moreover, the full mediating effect of GSCM was also validated in the association of GHRM and sustainable performance. This study will bridge the gap between SCM theories and HRM by providing a comprehensive analysis of the connectivity of these practices for accomplishing sustainability goals.
Moreover, the study can assist manufacturing organizations in achieving sustainability by adopting Green HRM practices and GSCM. Furthermore, the noise level for green corporate culture can also balloon up in developing countries like Pakistan. In this model, the researcher studied GHRM practices, GSCM practices, and SP in the future. This model can be extended further by considering other dimensions of on-hand variables and by altering the sector. To accelerate innovative culture outcomes, the recommendations of this study can be applied to the overall manufacturing sector of developing countries.
Previously published literature and studies have explored the linkage among GHRM practices and long-term performance in various countries and sectors. However, in ongoing exploration, the authors added several dimensions of GSCM practices as a mediating factor that hasn't been tested in any developing country previously.
References
Abbas, J. (2024). Green supply chain management and firm sustainable performance: Unlocking the role of transactional and transformational leadership in firm sustainable operations. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1–20.
Abbas, J., & Khan, S. M. (2023). Green knowledge management and organizational green culture: An interaction for organizational green innovation and green performance. Journal of Knowledge Management, 27(7), 1852–1870.
Ahmad, A., Ikram, A., Rehan, M. F., & Ahmad, A. (2022). Going green: Impact of green supply chain management practices on sustainability performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 973–990.
Ahmed, R. R., Akbar, W., Aijaz, M., Channar, Z. A., Ahmed, F., & Parmar, V. (2023). The role of green innovation on environmental and organizational performance: Moderation of human resource practices and management commitment. Heliyon, 9(1), e078703.
Al Masud, A., Islam, M. T., Rahman, M. K. H., Or Rosid, M. H., Rahman, M. J., Akter, T., & Szabó, K. (2024). Fostering sustainability through technological brilliance: A study on the nexus of organizational STARA capability, GHRM, GSCM, and sustainable performance. Discover Sustainability, 5(1), 1–15.
Ali, S. R., Hossain, M. A., Islam, K. Z., & Alam, S. S. (2024). Weaving a greener future: The impact of green human resources management and green supply chain management on sustainable performance in Bangladesh’s textile industry. Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain, 10, 1001–1026.
Alkhozaim, S. M., Alshiha, F. A., Alnasser, E. M., & Alshiha, A. A. (2024). How green performance is affected by green talent management in tourism and hospitality businesses: A mediation model. Sustainability, 16(16), 7093.
Al-Romeedy, B. S., & El-Sisi, S. A. W. (2024). Is green performance affected by green transformational leadership in travel agencies? The mediating roles of green organizational identity and green innovation. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 23(3), 508–530.
Al-Tahitah, A. N., Al-Mekhlafi, A. B. A., Omar, M. F. H., Ateeq, A. A., & Al-Awliqi, R. M. (2023). Developing a model incorporating green HRMP and environmental awareness for sustainable performance in Malaysian logistics companies: Conceptual paper. International Journal of Intellectual Human Resource Management, 4(2), 1–6.
Arda, O. A., Bayraktar, E., & Tatoglu, E. (2019). How do integrated quality and environmental management practices affect firm performance? Mediating roles of quality performance and environmental proactivity. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(1), 64–78.
Arda, O. A., Bayraktar, E., & Tatoglu, E. (2018). How do integrated quality and environmental management practices affect firm performance? Mediating roles of quality performance and environmental proactivity. Business Strategy and the Environment. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1002/bs
Azhar, Z., Iqbal, T., & Imran, M. (2025). The role of ethical leadership in HRM-driven corporate social responsibility (CSR). Journal of Management & Social Science, 2(1), 158–176.
Baawain, A. M., Laachach, A., Jaboob, A. S., & Kankaew, K. (2025). Uncovering the catalysts of sustainable business performance: Digital orientation, entrepreneurial competency, and strategic change. Business Strategy & Development, 8(1), 7007–7030.
Bell, E., Harley, B., & Bryman, A. (2022). Business research methods. Oxford University Press.
Chowdhury, S., Dey, P., Joel-Edgar, S., Bhattacharya, S., Rodriguez-Espindola, O., Abadie, A., & Truong, L. (2023). Unlocking the value of artificial intelligence in human resource management through AI capability framework. Human Resource Management Review, 33(1), 1008–1030.
Danish, R. Q., Ali, M., Baker, M., & Islam, R. (2025). Influence of corporate social responsibility, green practices and organizational politics on sustainable business performance: The importance of employee pro-environmental behavior. Social Responsibility Journal, 21(1), 54–77.
Das, S., & Dash, M. (2024). Green compensation and reward system: A novel approach towards the growth and sustainability of organization. Journal of Advanced Zoology, 45(2), 1213–1219.
El Mokadem, M., & Khalaf, M. (2025). Building sustainable performance through green supply chain management. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 74(1), 203–223.
Ertz, M., Latrous, I., Dakhlaoui, A., & Sun, S. (2025). The impact of big data analytics on firm sustainable performance. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 32(1), 1261–1278.
Haldorai, K., Kim, W. G., Phetvaroon, K., & Gazzoli, G. (2025). Green synergy: Integrating green human resource management and green supply chain management for sustainable performance in the Thai hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 128, 1041–1062.
He, W., Mushtaq, N., & Jan, L. (2024). Unlocking the dual black box of GHRMP & EGOC for sustainable environmental performance in developing economies: Can green workplace behavior and green passion transmit the real change? Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26(6), 16025–16055.
Ibrahim, I., & Alzubi, M. M. S. (2024). The impact of green human resource management practices (GHRMPs) on turnover intention (TI): Moderated by work-health balance (WHB) and work-family balance (WFB). Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(7), 2618–2634.
Jabbour, C. J. C. (2013). Environmental training in organisations: From a literature review to a framework for future research. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 74, 144–155.
Jabbour, C. J. C., & de Sousa Jabbour, A. B. L. (2016). Green human resource management and green supply chain management: Linking two emerging agendas. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 1824–1833.
Jabbour, C. J. C., & Santos, F. C. A. (2008). The central role of human resource management in the search for sustainable organizations. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(12), 2133–2154.
Jamil, M., Stephens, S., & Md Fadzil, A. F. (2025). Sustainability in family business settings: A strategic entrepreneurship perspective. Journal of Family Business Management, 15(1), 29–47.
Jehangir, M., Khan, S. Z., Lodhi, A. S., & Qureshi, M. H. (2024). The effect of green HRM practices on environmental performance: A moderated mediation model with empirical examination. Administrative and Management Sciences Journal, 2(2), 125–139.
Jomon Jose, M., & Jeyalakshmi, P. R. (2025). Enhancing sustainability: Green supply chain management in Ayurvedic manufacturing industry. Metamorphosis, 9726–9748.
Kara, K., & Edinsel, S. (2023). The mediating role of green product innovation (GPI) between green human resources management (GHRM) and green supply chain management (GSCM): Evidence from automotive industry companies in Turkey. Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, 24(4), 488–509.
Kauppi, K., Longoni, A., Caniato, F., & Kuula, M. (2016). Managing country disruption risks and improving operational performance: Risk management along integrated supply chains. International Journal of Production Economics, 182, 484–495.
Khawaja, A., & Janjua, K. N. (2025). The impact of green human resource management practices on organisational sustainability through green knowledge sharing. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 23, 1221–1243.
Kuan, O. C., Ahmad, A., Omar, K., Mohamed, M., Salleh, A. M., & Albloush, A. (2022). Relationships between green human resource management practices on in-role and extra-role employee green behaviour in a higher education institution. IBIMA Business Review, 1–14.
Laghari, A., Ali, A., Nigar, M., Danishwar, S., Awan, B. A., & Farooq, U. (2025). Unveiling the green synergy: Exploring the mediated moderation effect of technological advancement and green process innovation on GHRM and sustainable performance. Social Science Review Archives, 3(1), 1342–1354.
Lahmidi, W., & Youssef, J. (2025). Green human resource management, employee motivation, and organizational performance: A literature review. In Green management approaches to organizational behavior (pp. 255–286).
Lee, C., & Lim, S. Y. (2020). Impact of environmental concern on image of internal GSCM practices and consumer purchasing behavior. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(6), 241–254.
Linda, M. R., Thabrani, G., Fitria, Y., Firman, F., Suhery, S., & Sutiyem, S. (2025). Green supply chain management: Create competitive advantage and sustainability performance. TEM Journal, 14(1), 276–300.
Ly, B., & Pathak, S. (2024). Sustainable HRM in action: The role of culture, training, and knowledge in green employee behavior in Cambodia. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 1–28.
Mahar, A. S., Zhang, Y., Sadiq, B., & Gul, R. F. (2025). Sustainability transformation through green supply chain management practices and green innovations in Pakistan’s manufacturing and service industries. Sustainability, 17(5), 2204–2227.
Naik, S., & e Melo, F. R. (2024). Impact of HRM practices on employees’ performance on SDG in pharmaceutical companies. Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review, 4(4), e02059.
Naseer, S., Song, H., Adu-Gyamfi, G., Abbass, K., & Naseer, S. (2023). Impact of green supply chain management and green human resource management practices on the sustainable performance of manufacturing firms in Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(16), 48021–48035.
Nazeri, A., Gholami, S., & Safaie, N. (2024). The effect of internal and external practices of green supply chain management on performance and competitiveness of a company. European Journal of International Management, 22(3), 439–483.
Obeidat, S. M., Abdalla, S., & Al Bakri, A. A. K. (2023). Integrating green human resource management and circular economy to enhance sustainable performance: An empirical study from the Qatari service sector. Employee Relations, 45(2), 535–563.
Opoku, R. K., & Li, X. (2025). Sustainable management practices, operational and sustainable performance in manufacturing contexts: Empirical evidence from a developing economy. Journal of Responsible Production and Consumption, 2(1), 48–82.
Perano, M., Aisha, R., Channa, N. A., & Casali, G. L. (2025). The nexus between green HRM and environmental performance for sustainable business excellence: The role of employees’ environmental passion and pro-environmental behavior. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 36(1–2), 1–25.
Rashid, A., Baloch, N., Rasheed, R., & Ngah, A. H. (2025). Big data analytics–artificial intelligence and sustainable performance through green supply chain practices in manufacturing firms of a developing country. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 16(1), 42–67.
Rayner, J., & Morgan, D. (2018). An empirical study of green workplace behaviours: Ability, motivation and opportunity. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 56(1), 56–78.
Rehman, S. U., Elrehail, H., Poulin, M., Shamout, M. D., & Alzoubi, H. M. (2023). Green managerial practices and green performance: A serial mediation model. International Journal of Innovation Studies, 7(3), 196–207.
Ren, S., Tang, G., & Jackson, S. E. (2018). Green human resource management research in emergence: A review and future directions. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 35, 769–803.
Renwick, D. W. S., Redman, T., & Maguire, S. (2013). Green human resource management: A review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(1), 1–14.
Sadek, K., & Karkoulian, S. (2025). Green performance appraisal impact on organizational sustainability: Exploring the role of green knowledge and behavior in Lebanese firms. Social Responsibility Journal, 21(1), 198–215.
Saputra, A. R. P., Widarta, W., & Iswiyanto, I. (2024). The impact of green training, green reward, and green recruitment on organizational citizenship behavior for environment. International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management, 9(1), 75–84.
Sarwar, A., & Mustafa, A. (2024). Analysing the impact of green intellectual capital on environmental performance: The mediating role of green training and development. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 36(11), 3357–3370.
Shahrulnizam, N. A. A., Hassan, M. A., Azizie, N. A. M., Rahim, N. S. A., & Saidi, M. I. (2024). Green recruitment and selection: Enhancing environmental performance through sustainable hiring practices. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(10), 449–456.
Shaikh, S. G., & Mahesar, H. A. (2024). Green HRM practices, organizational commitment, and citizenship behaviour in banks of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences, 5(1), 160–177.
Mousa, S. K., & Othman, M. (2019). The impact of green human resource management practices on sustainable performance in healthcare organizations: A conceptual framework. Journal of Cleaner Production, 243, 11859–11879.
Shoaib, M., Qadeer, N., Zámečník, R., Javed, M., & Nawal, A. (2025). Towards a greener tomorrow: Investigating the nexus of GHRM, technology innovation, and employee green behavior in driving sustainable performance. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1), 2442–2465.
Shuwaikh, F., Tanguy, A., Dubocage, E., & Alolah, O. (2025). Insights for sustainable business practices: Comparative impact of independent and corporate venture capital funding on financial and environmental performance. Research in International Business and Finance, 73, 10263–10287.
Tronnebati, I., & Jawab, F. (2024). The impact of green and sustainable supply chain management practices on sustainable performance: A comparative analysis. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 47(3), 267–294.
Van It, N. (2023). Increasing sustainable performance through green human resource management: The role of green supply chain management and corporate social responsibility. Marketing I Menedžment Innovacij, 14(4), 1–16.
Veerasamy, U., Joseph, M. S., & Parayitam, S. (2024). Green human resource management and employee green behaviour: Participation and involvement, and training and development as moderators. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 11(2), 277–309.
Wang, R. (2024). The hidden linkage of corporate efficiency and green innovation with human resource management practices: A new perspective from China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31(8), 12511–12527.
Yang, Z., & Solangi, Y. A. (2024). Analyzing the relationship between natural resource management, environmental protection, and agricultural economics for sustainable development in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 450, 1418–1440.
Yin, Y., Wang, Y., & Lu, Y. (2024). How to design green compensation to promote managers’ pro-environmental behavior? A goal-framing perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–13.
Yu, W., Liao, X., Ji, S., & Cui, F. (2024). Green rewards vs. non-green rewards? The impact of hotel marketing incentives on guests’ green consumption intentions. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1–19.
Zaid, A. A., Jaaron, A. A., & Bon, A. T. (2018). The impact of green human resource management and green supply chain management practices on sustainable performance: An empirical study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 204, 965–979.
Zhu, J., Tang, W., Wang, H., & Chen, Y. (2021). The influence of green human resource management on employee green behavior: A study on the mediating effect of environmental belief and green organizational identity. Sustainability, 13(8), 1–17.
Zhu, Q., & Sarkis, J. (2004). Relationships between operational practices and performance among early adopters of green supply chain management practices in Chinese manufacturing enterprises. Journal of Operations Management, 22(3), 265–289.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- Copyright of all the submissions to the Market Forces will remain to the contributors.
- Anyone is allowed to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon his/her work, even commercially, as long as it is credited/cited to the original contributors of the Market Forces.
